Israel emerging in the Iron Age

 Continuing with The Bible Atlas: A pictorial guide to the Holy Lands

Pages 24-25: Israel and the Philistines

I am very impressed with the opening shortened history of the dealings of Israel and the Philistines. Very neat!

So the Philistines came from the Aegean Sea by ships as illustrated; surely a quicker way than the track taken by the Israelites in their 40-year wanderings, much of which was in desert.

No doubt each journey had its perils.

I have used that word “perils.” Not one I might use every day, I must say. It reminds me of Paul. He has given a list of perils in II Corinthians 11. Here he speaks at length of his experience in spreading the Word:

...in labours more abundant, in stripes above measure, in prisons more frequent, in deaths oft.

Of the Jews five times received I forty stripes save one./Thrice was I beaten with rods, once was I stoned, thrice I suffered shipwreck, a night and a day I have been in the deep;

In journeyings often, in perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils by mine own countrymen, in perils by the heathen, in perils in the city, in perils in the wilderness, in perils in the sea, in perils among false brethren;

In weariness and painfulness, in watchings often, in hunger and thirst, in fastings often, in cold and nakedness.

Beside those things that are without, that which cometh upon me daily, the care of all the churches.” (II Cor. 11:23-28)

 

Pages 26-27: David’s kingdom

Page 26 gives us the 23^rd Psalm. It lacks the King James Version’s last two verses. Must look into that.

Ah! Maybe verses 1-3 are the “Shepherd” ones and that is what the heading promises: The Lord is my shepherd. Or was it perhaps that the space only allowed 3 verses?

By the way. AI goes on at length about the Psalm.

Page 27. So, I am grateful to read that David “lived at the beginning of the Iron Age (1000-500 BCE), so his metalworkers were able to make the latest iron weapons for his army. Absalom’s rebellion (drawing and text at the lower right-hand of the page) shows David’s men using weapons that would therefore have iron “business ends.” A gory story. It hadn’t ever impressed me enough to know what happened to Absalom.

Joyce Voysey

All hands on deck

The story of Solomon's temple appears on pages 30-31 of this month's book, The Bible Atlas: A pictorial guide to the Holy Lands, available in Christian Science Reading Rooms. 

The opening paragraph offers helpful background:

               Solomon became king of Israel when his father, David, died in about 970BCE. Solomon inherited a large kingdom, with taxes pouring in from many surrounding lands. He became very rich, built a huge palace for himself and had many servants and many wives. ... Solomon was also a clever businessman. He bought horses from Egypt and then sold them to traders from other countries. He also imported gold, parrots, spices, and perfume. ... his biggest project was the building of a magnificent temple, where all the Israelites could come to worship God.

The atlas reminds of:

- Cedars transported by sea from Tyre

- King Solomon's mines (copper and other precious metals)

- The visit of the Queen of Sheba (to see for herself his fabled wealth)

- Solomon's wisdom (as shown in his resolution of a dispute between two mothers)

- The cut-out drawing of the temple shows its magnificence. 

 

The story of building this temple is fascinating. Here are a couple of details: 

I Kings 6:2, 7

And the house which king Solomon built for the LORD, the length thereof was threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits, and the height thereof thirty cubits. ...[27.5m x 9m x 13.7m; 90’ x 30’ x 45’]

And the house, when it was in building, was built of stone made ready before it was brought thither: so that there was neither hammer nor axe nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in building.

Everything was prepared in advance! What a project. And what a lesson in planning, preparation, focus, cooperation, and attention to detail for us today. How the people must have loved being part of this building project.

Having a temple in which to worship was very significant. Previously, Solomon had gone “to Gibeon to sacrifice there; for that was the great high place” (I Kings 3: 4). Now, the people would have a temple right there in Jerusalem just where David had decreed it be built. No wonder they worked harmoniously together. Even King Hiram of Tyre, who had loved King David, was an enthusiastic participant (see I Kings 5:1).

Julie Swannell

Twelve tribes looking for home

Pages 22 and 23 of The Bible Atlas: A pictorial guide to the Holy Lands (text Dr. Stephen Motyer, illustrations Brian Delf) offer a spread titled “The Promised Land.”

There is an interesting set of stories: (1) Moses sees the Promised Land (remember, he wasn’t allowed to cross over Jordan and enter it because he had struck the rock to get water, whereas God had told him to speak to it: disobedience); (2) Rahab and the spies; and (3) The Fall of Jericho. There are two more stories (not numbered):  The Twelve Tribes of Israel – a small map shows the tribes and the symbols which represented them, and The campaigns of Joshua.

The River Jordan

My first reading found me curious about the River Jordan, which is shown in its length. We are told that it flows from north to south, passing through the Sea of Galilee and ending in the Dead Sea which is 1,365 feet (416 m) below sea level. I wanted more figures, so I consulted Google.

The river rises at the base of snow-capped Mount Hermon*, and it just happens upon the Sea of Galilee then travels 100 miles to the Dead Sea. 256 miles in all. It is only 1 to 2 foot deep! The Dead Sea is endorheic: a closed body of water with no outlets, the water only leaving the lake through evaporation or seepage. (Lake Eyre is an example of an endorheic body of water until it is flooded by water coming down from Queensland.)

The 12 tribes

West of the Jordan (N to S):

•                 Asher
•                  Naphtali
•                  Zebulun
•                  Issachar
•                  Manasseh
•                  Dan
•                  Ephraim
•                  Judah
•                  Benjamin
•                  Simeon

East of the Jordan:

•                  Gad
•                  Reuben

I have found it difficult to get details of the symbols shown against each tribe. This next list is from Wikipedia (Ed. This list excludes Manasseh and Ephraim but adds in Joseph and Levi.):

•        Asher: a tree
•        Naphtali: gazelle (Genesis 49:21)
•        Zebulun: ship, due to their bordering the Sea of Galilee and Mediterranean
•        Issachar: Sun, moon and stars (1 Chronicles 12:32)
•        Dan: Scales of justice
•        Judah: Kinnor, cithara, and crown, symbolising King David
•        Benjamin: jug, ladle, and fork
•        Simeon: towers and walls of the city of Shechem
•        Gad: tents, symbolizing their itinerancy as cattle-herders
•        Reuben: Mandrake (Genesis 30:14)
•        Joseph: Palm tree and sheaves of wheat, likely references to the dreams he received as a child (Genesis 37:7)
•        Levi: Priestly breastplate, symbolizing the Kohanim

It is interesting to compare these with the Glossary definitions in Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures by Mary Baker Eddy of some of the sons:

·       Asher (Jacob’s son).  Hope and faith; spiritual compensation; the ills of the flesh rebuked. (p. 581)

·       Benjamin (Jacob’s son).  A physical belief as to life, substance, and mind; human knowledge, or so-called mortal mind, devoted to matter; pride; envy; fame; illusion; a false belief; error masquerading as the possessor of life, strength, animation, and power to act.

       Renewal of affections; self-offering, an improved state of mortal mind; the introduction of a more spiritual origin; a gleam of the infinite idea of the infinite Principle; a spiritual type; that which comforts, consoles and supports. (p. 582)

·       Dan (Jacob’s son). Animal magnetism; so-called mortal mind controlling mortal mind; error, working out the designs of error; one belief preying upon another. (p. 583)

·       Gad (Jacob’s son). Science; spiritual being understood; haste towards harmony. (p. 586)

·       Judah. A corporeal material belief progressing and disappearing; the spiritual understanding of God and man appearing. (p.589)

·       Levi (Jacob’s son). A corporeal and sensual belief; mortal man; denial of the fulness of God’s creation; ecclesiastical despotism. (p. 590)

·       Reuben (Jacob’s son). Corporeality; sensuality; delusion; mortality; error. (p. 593)

Of course the Bible is the source of this knowledge. For example, Dan is, for me, a stand-out. In Genesis 49, where Jacob called his sons together, “Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days,” he says of Dan: “Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward.” The horse was blamed rather than the real culprit, the adder.

There is much more on these two pages. I like the picture of the priests blowing the horns, for instance. I’ll leave it to the reader to catch up with those for themselves.**

Joyce Voysey

*Ed. Mt. Hermon is not on the map, unfortunately, but Wikipedia has a spectacular photograph and has this to say: “Mount Hermon is a mountain cluster at the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon range, straddling the borders of Syria, Lebanon, and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. Rising to 2,814 m (9,232 ft), it is the highest point in Syria and features the only ski resort in the region.”  A further comment notes that Mount Hermon ... is uniquely special due to its strategic military dominance, profound biblical history, and its role as the primary water source for the region. Gotquestions.org/Mount-Hermon.html is helpful.

**Ed. I also liked seeing the trumpets (horns) and the Ark of the Covenant. I gather from this account, that after 40 years in the wilderness, there was still much work to be done in this, "The Promised Land", before they could settle down and call this place home.